Understanding Periods: What’s Happening in My Body?

Periods are a natural and healthy part of growing up. They show that your body is developing. Your body is preparing for the possibility of having children in the future. It’s normal to have lots of questions, and that’s okay. Understanding what’s happening in your body can help you feel more confident, comfortable, and in control.

What Is a Period?

A period, or menstruation, is when blood and tissue leave your body through the vagina. This usually happens once a month. The lining of your uterus thickens each month to get ready for a possible pregnancy. If you don’t become pregnant, your body sheds this lining. That’s what causes the bleeding.

When Do Periods Start?

Periods usually start between ages of 9 and 15, but everyone’s body is different. It’s completely normal to begin earlier or later. There’s no single “right” age. You might notice some signs that your period is coming, such as:

• White discharge in your underwear

• Tender breasts

• Mood changes

• Cramps in your tummy or back

The Menstrual Cycle

Your period is just one part of a bigger pattern called the menstrual cycle. This cycle typically lasts around 28 days, but can range from 21 to 35 days.

Menstrual Phase (Days 1–7)

Your period starts as the uterine lining sheds, which causes bleeding. You might feel tired, emotional, or want extra rest and comfort.

Follicular Phase (Days 1–13)

Your body gets ready for the next cycle. Hormones help an egg grow. Your uterus starts to rebuild its lining. You might feel more energetic and focused during this time.

Ovulation Phase (Around Day 14)

An egg is released from your ovary. You may notice more discharge that resembles egg white. You may feel your energy and confidence at their highest.

Luteal Phase (Days 15–28)

Hormones rise again to get your body ready for a possible pregnancy. If the egg isn’t fertilised, hormone levels drop. You might feel moody, bloated, or want extra rest and comfort before your next period.

How Long Does a Period Last?

Most periods last between 3 and 7 days. Initially, the flow may be gentle. It may then get heavier for a few days and slow down again. The color can range from bright red to brown. All of this is completely normal.

How You Might Feel

Your hormones fluctuate throughout your cycle, which can impact your mood and energy levels. You might feel:

• Tired or low-energy during your period

• More upbeat and confident after it ends

• A bit moody, bloated, or sensitive before your next one

Remember, you’re not alone. Everyone’s cycle is unique, and learning what your body needs can help you feel your best.

Taking Care of Yourself

• Rest when you need to because your body is working hard.

• Drink water and eat nourishing foods.

• Use period products that make you feel comfortable, such as pads, tampons, cups, or period underwear.

• Talk about it with friends, parents, carers, or teachers. It’s healthy to ask questions.

Everybody Is Different

Not everyone who menstruates is a girl, and not all girls menstruate. Some people have their first period earlier or later, and some have different flows or cycles. What matters most is understanding and caring for your own body with kindness, patience, and pride.

Your period isn’t something to be embarrassed about. It’s a powerful sign that your body is healthy and growing. The more you learn about it, the more confident and connected you’ll feel.